Freedom of Expression in Canada :: Freedom of Speech

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The right to freedom of expression can be described as a war. It is a war that has lasted for centuries and may last for centuries more. It is a war between freedom of expression and social intolerance. In this war there are many battles. The battle on which this brief essay centers itself is the battle between freedom of speech and laws limiting that freedom; more specifically the ability to spread hate propaganda and the "hate laws". Included in the essay is a brief outline of one skirmish that has taken place (Keegstra). Those who fight on the side supporting freedom of speech do so for several reasons. Braun declares that it is a basic democratic right to voice your own opinion . Douglas Christie has gained notoriety for his vigorous representation of high- profile, controversial clients, charged under the hate laws. He advocates freedom of speech for two main reasons: a) he finds it abhorrent that the state can legislate thoughts and words, and b) he often agrees with the views held by his clients. Others such as Noam Chomsky, a brilliant intellectual, argue not for the views expressed, but the ability to express them. Lining up on the other side of the battle you have: Derek Raymaker, David Kilgour, Victor Ramraj, and Bruce Elman. They argue that there is definitely a moral place for laws regarding hate speech, whether they are criminal or not. There was recently a new development in the Canadian war for freedom of expression. Introduced in April 1982 was a new and important strategic battleground.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  With the Charter of Rights and Freedoms the war could be won or lost by either side. It was not long before the Charter saw battle.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1984, Jim Keegstra was charged with violating section 281 of the Criminal Code of Canada (now covered under section 318-320). Keegstra was a respected school teacher and mayor of the small town of Eckville, Alberta. This was no borderline fanatic; this was an elected official charged with promoting hate. However by the time Keegstra's trial rolled around he was no longer the mayor Eckville and his teaching license, revoked. The problem was, the very nature of s. 281 lent itself to legal debate under section 2 of the relatively new Charter of Rights and Freedoms. The defense counsel Doug Christie lost no time in challenging the legislation's constitutionality. In response, Crown prosecutor, Bruce Fraser, stated that Keegstra was being charged with promoting hatred; not expressing it. The Crown also stated that freedom of speech is not

Bones Restaurant

One wall Is covered entirely by a mirror, Glenn the appearance that the addling room is a lot larger than it actually Is. There are photographs hanging on the other walls of celebrities like Bob Hope, Being Crosby, and Danny Okay, and other famous people like President George Bush, and President Ronald Reagan all of which have dined there. Although there is a tie requirement, the other dcord is not so much as to make someone feel uncomfortable. It is rather ranch style, with Bull horn, and Mason Jar chandeliers, and rustic wood furniture.The menu has a diverse selection from pasta, chicken, lamb, pork, and of course what they are known for, the steaks and seafood. We decided to get two totally different options so that we could sample more of the menu. Sara decided on the Grilled Swordfish with braised Swiss chard. The Swordfish steak was a 1402. Steak, which is a large piece offish, and it was undoubtedly flavors. The Swiss chard, a green leafy vegetable, which was cooked in the oil s of the Swordfish, Sara said was also delightfully tasteful. I am not one for vegetable of that nature so I did not try it myself.I ordered the Dry Aged Bone-Len Rib Eye, served with fresh steamed Asparagus. The Steak itself I can see why it has gotten such great ratings from food critics, it was cooked perfectly, and was pull apart with a fork tender. It had tons of natural flavors, along with the spices that they had rubbed on it before its final preparation. Although the prices may be a little rich, I believe that it is well worth it considering the flavor, the quantity, and quality of the food that you do receive. This brings me to the people at Bone's Restaurant.As said before, as soon as you walk wrought the doors, you are greeted by smelling faces, and friendly attitudes. A reservation is a must so wait time is almost nothing. And the quality of Dana, the server that we had this wonderful evening was absolutely fantastic. Dana was friendly, helpful, and her knowledge of the menu was impeccable. But not only was she great, everyone that walked by inquired and made sure that we were doing okay. The General Manager Emilee also came by to make sure everything was great. Both Male Ana Dana were very personable, Ana easy to talk to.Male even suggested places to go, and see after she found out that we were new to Atlanta. Our overall experience with Bone's Restaurant is something that could be called awesome. It was definitely worth the three week wait list for reservations that we had to wait, and we even already have our name down for a future visit in September. Sara and I would recommend this establishment to anyone, and everyone that is planning to go to Atlanta. Bone's Restaurant is one of the greatest dining establishments that we have ever been to.

How Cell Phones Affect Society - 2282 Words

Ryan Bates Ms. Byrne Honors English 9 October 15 2014 I-Search; How Cell Phones Affect Society I found the topic of how cell phones affect society very interesting and relevant to my time. Technology like cell phones are a very big aspect of life and will continue to grow. I knew very little before I researched the topic. All that I knew was the things I see day to day, but I spent a week researching how they affect our interaction and found some very interesting facts. I found a lot of new aspects of life that cell phones affect that I never thought of. Many of the facts I found as I researched I actually had seen before, I just had not paid attention to them. My topic is complex in the many ways people use their cell phones. I feel like the topic is much easier to understand when broken up into categories. I separated them into four categories: addiction, the use of cellphones, the change that has come because of them, and how interaction has been altered. These categories changed mine, and everyone else’ s, lives. I am going to begin with the common addiction everyone has to their cell phone. The amount people use their cell phones in this â€Å"Era of Technology† amazes me. Dalton represents this by stating the fact that â€Å"An average person spends 90 minutes a day, which is 24 days a year, and in an average adult life is 3 to 4 years spent on your phone† (Dalton). When you think about this on small scale, ninety minutes does not seem like much, but on a largeShow MoreRelatedBad Effects of Cell Phone on Society856 Words   |  4 PagesBAD EFFECTS OF CELL PHONE ON SOCIETY A report by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) said there were about six billion cell phone subscriptions at the end of 2011-roughly one for 86 of every 100 people. Up to now, this number has continued to increase dramatically. This proves certainly that cell phone affects our society more strongly and more deeply in many aspects. No one can deny that cell phone is playing a very important and necessary role in our society because it not onlyRead MoreCell Phones are Higlhy Addictive1431 Words   |  6 Pagesbillion cell phone subscribers in the world. (â€Å"UN says world has 6 billion cell phone subscribers, 2.3 billion Internet users†). With a number this high one must ask whether or not cell phones are more beneficial than they are harmful. Everyone recognizes the benefits of cell phones, but how often does society acknowledge the harms that cell phones induce on the public. The simplicity of communication through the use of cell phones does not outweigh the distractions caused by cell phones, becauseRead MoreTechnology: The Invention of The Cell Phone Essay1431 Words   |  6 Pagesimprove. It has given society an easier way to communicate with family and friends with one simple device, the cell phone. A cellular phone is the most common type of technology used by all groups of people including parents, teenagers, and even young children. The number of people who own a cell phone also continues to increase, causing a huge distraction on society. Cell phones seem to own a person as they depend on their phone for almost everything. Though the cell phone was invented for beneficialRead MoreThe Negative Impact Of Cell Phones On Society1074 Words   |  5 PagesToday phones are an important part of society. Everybody seems to have a phone, people can generally observe somebody messaging, on the internet or just making a quick call. Many detect these to be greatly helpful assets for everyday life; however, the vast majority do not stop t o consider the negative impacts that mobile phones could have on someone well being and living. In the last 15 years, nothing has impacted society like cell phones. Cell phones were once was an item of luxury has now becomeRead MoreEffects Of Cell Phones1159 Words   |  5 PagesAre Cell Phones Destroying a Generation? The onset of cell phones has had a great impact in the modern society, and especially the millennials or the teens, and as such it has led to the destruction of a generation. It is apparent that what researchers call the iGen, people born between the year 1995 and the year 2012, depend greatly on their cell phones and their well-being majorly depends on their cell phones (Twenge 188). Researchers also prove that the iGen value their cell phones more thatRead MoreEssay on The Negative Affects of Cell Phone Use1721 Words   |  7 Pagesowning a cell phone (Jerpi, 2013), it becomes obvious that cell phones have become a staple device in today’s society. Although cell phones offer convenience, they arguably come with negative affects. Cell Phones have become one of the fastest emerging technologies (Campbell, 2006). With 87 percent of American adults and teenagers owning a cell phone (Jerpi, 2013), it becomes obvious that cell phones have become a staple device in today’s society. Since the release of the first cell phone, they haveRead MoreCell Phone Addiction Essay1429 Words   |  6 PagesThe cell phone has become a centerpiece of everyday life as cell phones are evolving and have been increasing their functionalities. Today, we use them today for many others reasons than what cell phones were originally designed to do. People are using them so often that they are becoming dependent on their phones that they have even become addicted to them. Those who are addicted to their cell phones struggle to stay away from them for a certain period of time and become so indulged in all of theRead MoreEssay on The Impact of Cell Phone Usage on Our Social Life1590 Words   |  7 PagesThere are more cell phones than residents in Britain (computerweekly.com, 2007). The first cell phone was invented by Dr. Martin Cooper and John F Mitchell in 1973 (Wikipedia.com, 2014). Cell phone use has escalated over the years. Not only does cell phone usage affect the ch aracter traits of a person and their ability to hold regular, face to face conversations, it also affects a person’s ability to have healthy, stable relationships. Cell phones have changed from an item of luxury to an everydayRead MoreDo Cell Phones Really Connect Us More with Society?797 Words   |  3 Pagesnegative consequences. Cell phones to many people are one of the greatest invention to mankind, but to others they are nothing more than a nuisance. Some people believe that phones now-a-days give people the opportunity to connect with others more, yet some say that these phones are making us more disconnect than ever from society. The smart phones of today are capable of doing so much, such as: calling people without touching the phone, sending a text message without touching the phone, surfing the internetRead MoreEssay about The Most Important Technology: Cell Phones1220 Words   |  5 Pageslife and became amazed about how popular, of all the technology, cell phones have become. It’s amazing that in our culture we make ourselves available every minute of every day. Many people don’t even have home phones anymore. Cell phones have become more of a necessity more than a need nowadays. They became an essential communication tool. Cell phone usage in the US has increased from 34 million to 203 million in the last ten years. Many may want to view the cell phone as your personal safety device

Project Management Method Called Agile Essay - 1607 Words

Abstract Different methodologies are used nowadays by a project manager to achieve their project goals. Although all the methodologies have common process for management but their execution differs. In this paper my intention is to discuss the most commonly used project management method called Agile. This methodology is commonly used in software projects because of its iterative development way and its flexibility for a requirement changing environment like in the case of a software project where the requirement keeps on changing as the project progress. Also in addition to my studies about Agile, I have made efforts to compare the same with another heavy weight methodology called Waterfall. Comparison include the strength and weakness of the two opposing methodologies and the outcome of a controlled empirical study conducted at Carnegie Mellon University in Silicon Valley by Feng Ji and Todd Sedano. Introduction Project Management is one of the key features on which the success of a project heavily depends upon. No matter what the type of project whether its IT or an industrial, the techniques, skills, tools and knowledge to meet the final delivery remains a common requirement in all. But it doesn’t mean that they should be applied uniformly on all projects. Here comes the importance of project management methodologies. A methodology is a model, which project managers employ for the design, planning, implementation and achievement of their projectShow MoreRelatedProject Management Of Software Engineering1721 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Project management is a tool that the organization can use to eliminate waste, increase capacity, or increase positioning in the market place. Project Management is a broad topic. The methodology has been around for many years. During the last twenty years, the Agile methodology was introduced to project management. In the last ten years, maturity of the merged agile methodology and project management occurred. In this paper, we will explore the project management of software engineeringRead MoreAgile Project Management : Shanaz Sithara Mohamed Samsudeen1212 Words   |  5 PagesAGILE METHODOLOGY CITF 120 – IT PROJECT MANAGEMENT - Shanaz Sithara Mohamed Samsudeen Agile movement as it applies to software development and other types of projects. The world is a global village. Change is the only constant that prevails. This has increased the need to be more adaptive to the challenges (changes) that are put forth. In project management, the need to be flexible has grown than ever before to turn the project successful. They have to meet with several constraints at differentRead MoreThe Agile Software Development ( Asd )1217 Words   |  5 Pages[1]The Agile software development (ASD) methodologies have been established in various streams like academic, educational and also in professional software development. Understanding of how ASD methodologies are used, the kind of acceptance, successes and failures they have in the mentioned streams would be the main exploration. The findings from the web-based survey of Microsoft employees who involved in development, testing and management have indicated that around one-third of the people use ASDRead MoreComparison Of Project Management Models1166 Words   |  5 PagesComparison of Project Management Models Robert York CMGT/410 Jun 06, 2016 Desiree Le Blanc Comparison of Project Management Models The use of the word project is covered in such a wide variety of ways, such as household chores or completing major operations. Even though an actual project is not a complicated event, it does certainly have some major characteristics that really change it from the most common activities. A project is defined as a piece of a planned work that has a defined beginningRead MoreProject Management : Design Management1278 Words   |  6 PagesProject management is a tool that the organization can use to eliminate waste, increase capacity, or increase positioning in the market place. The concept of project management is broad with methodology dating back across the decades. Project management itself is not new; however, methodologies associated with project management have continued to develop and change over time. Specifically, during the last two decades, the Agile methodology was introduced to project management. In recent years, mergingRead MoreQuality, Flexibility And Business Value Of Software Solutions1398 Words   |  6 PagesAgility means the ability to move quickly and easily. â€Å"Agile† is a collective term for methodologies and practices that evolved in recent years to increase the relevance, quality, flexibility and business value of software solution s. These adaptive management approaches are specifically intended to address the problems that have historically plagued software development and service delivery activities in the IT industry – including budget overruns, missed deadlines, low-quality outputs, and dissatisfiedRead MoreDevelopment Methodologies For Creating Information Systems1694 Words   |  7 PagesThere are many development methodologies for creating information systems. One of the more popular methods, developed in 1970 by Winston Royce, was the waterfall methodology. The waterfall methodology required that a team follow a prescribed sequence of five major steps when developing an information system. The project phases are linear and performed in a very methodical order starting with requirements analysis, then moving to design, followed by implementation, verification, and finally maintenanceRead MoreUnderstanding Project Management Related Approaches1324 Words   |  6 PagesUnderstanding Project Mana gement Related Approaches Chandra Shekar Pulipati Oklahoma State University Abstract Several approaches exist towards a successful project management. These have been emerging over years and also vary from project to project and industry to industry. This article focuses on few of popular project management techniques 1. PRINCE2 (Projects in Controlled Environments) 2. CPPM (Critical chain project management) 3. Agile Project Management Each of this technique focuses onRead MoreEssay on Agile Software Development Methodologies1638 Words   |  7 PagesThe conventional software development methodologies projects have failed to overcome the problem of volatility in the present project management processes in organizations. This is because they are mostly linear and sequential, imposing a significant challenge when meeting changing user requirements. Volatility in user requirements has been a significant predicament until the discovery of agile project management methodologies such as scrum, Extreme programming, and Future driven development. VolatilityRead MoreSoftware Development: The Disadvantages of Agile Methods Essay1312 Words   |  6 PagesAgile methods have a number of disadvantages. Discuss the disadvantages of agile methods and how those disadvantages can be managed, with examples. Agile method is newer software development method in software industry. Until 2006, there are 17% of organizations are already using agile as their software devolvement method. Many and many organizations are getting interested and they are moving toward to adopt agile method nowadays. They believe agile methods are much more flexible and this method

Birth Control IUD Insertion and Removal Essay - 661 Words

An IUD is a small T-Shaped plastic device that is placed in the uterus as birth control to prevent unwanted pregnancy. IUD’s are usually a fairly easy reversible form of birth control, as well as easy to remove. IUD’s are mainly the most reasonably priced long-term forms of birth control available. As a reminder, IUD’s do not protect against HIV or STD’s. You should at all times use a condom and get screed on a regular basis to diminish the possibility of STD’s. There are quite a few different types of birth control choices for females, but an IUD is one of the most used currently as it doesn’t involve remembering to take a pill every day, switching out patches, or any of the additional things that they have floating around. There are a†¦show more content†¦Mirena side effects may include headaches, lower abdominal or back pain, infection, perforation, acne, breast tenderness, breakthrough hemorrhage, infection, periods may possibly discontinue after one year of use, mood changes, weight increase, and ovarian cysts. While using this hormonal IUD about 2/1,000 women become pregnant within the first year. Skyla is the latest type of IUD that is around at the moment, which was introduced as the third type of IUD in 2013, which in fact is very similar to the Mirena in many ways. Skyla can be used for up to 3 years, and it is also a hormonal releasing birth control. Skyla was marketed primarily for women who have not yet had child ren. Side effects of Skyla include bloating, nausea, headaches, and/or breast pain. Skyla is also smaller than other IUD’s which means that it is more at ease to insert. For a health care provider to insert the IUD, the insurance company must first authorize the procedure. Once the procedure is authorized, an appointment will be set up. Tests should be performed before the insertion of the IUD to insure there is not already a pregnancy. Before the patient comes back to the room, the MA should have all the supplies needed for the procedure (Sterile gloves, IUD in a sealed package, speculum, and a back up of everything that is needed incase of a fault in one of the instruments)Show MoreRelatedThis Exemplar Will Discuss The Situation Of Patient Who1763 Words   |  8 PagesThis exemplar will discuss the situation of patient who presented with a retained IUD during her first trimester. A detailed explanation of the initial encounter as well as that of the patient’s additi onal appointments will precede a discussion of the associated risks of the situation. Various fetal and maternal outcomes are investigated through multiple journal articles and other sources. Among the references cited are results of recent experiments and specific rates of incidence for adverse outcomesRead MoreDifferent Types of Birth Control1695 Words   |  7 PagesDifferent Types of Birth Control The topic that is up for discussion now will be birth control. I have just come across a life changing situation in my life in which I had to make a choice. I am a proud father of my soon to be 16 year old daughter. She has been having bad cramps and pain every month due to her menstrual cycle for the last 2 years. My wife and I have finally gotten to the point of deciding that she should be put on birth control. Now as a man the only birth control I know is the â€Å"Pill†Read MoreThe Birth Of Birth Control978 Words   |  4 PagesEnglish 101 Robin White April 15, 2015 Implanon Are you interested in birth control are know someone who is? Are you stuck or know someone who is stuck in between which birth control to use? Well, being a woman myself I have found that using the birth control Implanon was the best birth control for me only because it is convenient, mess free, and it last for up to three years. People around the world have used birth control methods for thousands of years. These methods include things such as condomsRead MoreVarious Options of Birth Control and Their Effectiveness Essay3213 Words   |  13 Pages With this method all you need to obtain it is a partner that is able and willing to do withdrawal method. Nurse teachings should include effectiveness. Teaching the men about how to control their sexual response. There is no medical condition that prohibits use of method. If the male is unable to have self control method is contradicted. It is also not recommended for sexually inexperienced men because they have a increased chance of no t performing method correctly. Young couples tend to use thisRead MoreFamily Planning2917 Words   |  12 PagesIntroduction Family planning is the planning of when to have children, and the use of birth control and other techniques to implement such plans. Other techniques commonly used include sexuality education, prevention and management of sexually transmitted infections, pre-conception counseling and management, and infertility management. Family planning is sometimes used in the wrong way also as a synonym for the use of birth control, though it often includes more. It is most usually applied to a female-maleRead MoreThe Birth Control Patch2447 Words   |  10 PagesBirth Control Patch The birth control patch Ortho Evra is another common form of birth control used to prevent pregnancy. The birth control patch is a thin, beige, plastic patch that sticks to the skin. It is used to prevent pregnancy. A new patch is placed on the skin once a week for three weeks in a row, followed by a patch-free week. The patch contains the hormones estrogen and progesterone that prevent pregnancy in two ways: By preventing the ovary form releasing eggs and by causing the cervicalRead MoreHuman Consumption Is Depleting The Earth s Natural Resources And Impairing The Capacity Of Life Supporting Ecosystems1389 Words   |  6 Pagesthe demographic transition). Strengthening family-planning services is crucial to slowing population growth, now 85 million annually,(Essential Environment, Human Population,page 118) and limiting population size to 9.2 billion by 2050. Otherwise, birth rates could remain unchanged, and world population would grow to 11 billion.(Essential Environment, Human P opulation,page 120). Indonesia is the 4th most populated country on the planet, making up 3.49% of the earths population, behind China, IndiaRead MoreCommunity Profile Essay5395 Words   |  22 Pagesother factors linked with sexually transmitted infections and what services are available within Stockton-on-Tees. An individuals health and well-being can be influenced across all age groups by a range of factors both within and outside of their control. Dahlgren and Whitehead [1991] created the Policy Rainbow which shows in layers the influences that can affect an individuals health. These factors include age, sex and genes which are categorised as fixed factors and the physical and socialRead MoreSexually Transmitted Diseases35655 Words   |  143 PagesStructures and functions 133-137 Microbes 148-150 Onion and cheek cells 150-151 Ecological study 154 Seed structure and germination 155-157 Reproduction in plants 158-165 Sexually transmitted diseases 166-176 Birth Control and contraceptives 177-185 Effects on population growth 186-187 Drug and drug abuse 188-191 Man’s impact on the environment 192-199 Reproduction in man 200-201 References 202 Introduction Many people live theirRead MoreShort Cases19708 Words   |  79 Pages I n early 2009, Kapil Chandra, Unipro’s account manager for Chicago-based Qualprod Inc. was contemplating his response to a recent telephone call from Fred Potter, Qualprod’s procurement director. Potter said that a critical piece of process-control software in one of Qualprod’s factories in Eastern Europe had failed. Production had ground to a halt. Potter asked Chandra if Unipro could dedicate a software engineering team to the problem immediately. Unipro was a fast-growing company specializing

Lab Report Proving that energy is conserved within a system Free Essays

This Is defined by Hooker’s Law shown below. F ? -xx The law of conservation of energy is that energy cannot be created or destroyed, it can only be changed from one form to another. This means that the total amount of energy in an isolated system is constant over time. We will write a custom essay sample on Lab Report: Proving that energy is conserved within a system or any similar topic only for you Order Now This means that the only thing that can happen to energy in a closed system is that it can change from one form to another. In this experiment energy changes from elastic potential energy to kinetic energy to gravitational potential energy. Some energy is also lost due to friction which creates heat and sound during the experiment. Initial = Final Eek + Pep gravitational I + Pep spring + E thermal I = Kef+ Pep gravitational f + Pep bring f + E thermal f + Neon- conservative This equation clearly shows the energy transfer during the experiment Including the energy lost In non-conservative forms such as heat and sound. Basic energy formulae were also used In this experiment In order to calculate energy as it changes form. Eek- move Pep gravitational MGM very important as it is used a wide variety of physical applications. It is especially relevant and applicable in situations which there is little to no friction, such as in astrophysics. Energy and applied forces can be calculated in order to accurately determine values seen in the equations above. Method: The equipment was set up as indicated in figurer . The track was placed at such a gradient where the cart would not reach the top of the track or come to close to the censor after pushed by the compressed spring. It should also be noted that the gradient of the slope remained constant throughout both experiments. The readings were zeroed and data was then collected by the censors and graphed on the program Logger Pro. Figure 1: Experimental setup For the first experiment, the cart was released from different heights on the ramp ND measurements of the force and compression of the spring were taken in order to be able to calculate the spring constant. For the second experiment the spring on the cart was compressed and the cart is placed then released using a hard object such as a ruler. The spring then pushed the cart up the track and the censors took the reading of the force, displacement, velocity and acceleration needed in order to calculate the energy as it changed form in the system. Results: Measurements for finding the spring constant of the spring x = displacement of spring from equilibrium position. F = force applied by the spring on the cart. K = the spring constant of the spring. Table 1 : Measured displacement of the spring and force applied by the spring and the calculated spring constant results. The uncertainties for the displacement and the force were chosen because of the accuracy of the censors and the ruler respectively. The uncertainty of the spring constant was calculated by halving the range of the results. Measurements for finding the total energy during the second experiment Value Symbol Result Initial Compression of Spring 0. 033 Ð’Â ± 0. 001 m SF 0. 018Ð’Â ±0. 001 m Velocity as cart leaves spring I 0. 75Ð’Â ±0. 05 runs-l Velocity Just before collision if 0. 69 Ð’Â ± 0. 05 runs-l Max distance traveled Adam 0. 661 Ð’Â ± 0. 005 m Position at random point DRP 0. 198Ð’Â ±0. 005 m Velocity at random point Table 2: Velocity and distance measurements taken by the censors in order to prove conservation of energy. The uncertainties for the each of the results were chosen because of the accuracy of the censors respectively. Analysis: Finding the spring constant of the spring To find the spring constant we use Hooker’s Law (F = -xx). The negative sign shows that the spring is being compressed and can be ignored in this case. For the first value: x = 0. 010Ð’Â ±0. 001 m and 5. 7 Ð’Â ± 0. 3 = 570 ram-I This process was then repeated for each data value and then the average of the results was found to be 598 Nm-l. The uncertainty for the spring constant was calculated by halving the range of the values which was found to be Ð’Â ± 28. 5 Nm-l . This gives the final value for the spring constant of the spring to be 598 Ð’Â ± 28. 5 Nm-l . Conservation of Energy Graph 1, 2,3: These graphs shows the carts velocity and position and well as the force exerted in the spring by the cart as it moves up and down the slanted track. Using he results found in Table 2, the elastic potential energy, gravitational potential energy and kinetic energy can be calculated at six points during the experiment. These points are; before the spring is released, Just after the cart loses contact, at the during the first collision, and at some point between the release and collision points above. Before the spring is released all the energy is stored as elastic potential energy in the spring. This can be easily calculated using the spring constant and the displacement of the spring. K = experimentally measured spring constant = 598 Nm-l . = initial compression of the spring = 0. 33 m Just after the cart loses contact with the spring, we can assume that all of the elastic potential energy has been converted into purely kinetic energy. Kinetic energy can be calculated using the mass and velocity of the cart. M = mass of cart = 0. 521 keg v = velocity as cart leaves spring = 0. 75 ms-l At the top of the slope the cart has stopped as the energy has been converted into purely gravitational potential energy. This can be calculated using the mass and height of the cart as well as gravity. G = acceleration due to gravity = 9. 81 ms-2 = maximum height = 0. 036 m The maximum height of the cart was found by first calculating the angle of the slop using trigonometry. = 3. 130 This angle was then used with the maximum distance traveled value to calculate the maximum height. Just before the spring hits the bottom again the energy is again kinetic. This can again be calculated using the mass and velocity of the cart. At a chosen point part way up the slope the total energy will be the kinetic energy at that point plus the potential energy at the point. How to cite Lab Report: Proving that energy is conserved within a system, Papers

Marxs Influence on Community Development free essay sample

This essay explores Marx’s influence on community development, within the parameters of social justice. I felt it was necessary to narrow down the focus of this topic as Marx has been translated, philosophized, reiterated, rewritten and rethought by a plethora of philosophers, sociologists, economists etc. I am also concentrating on Marx’s written ideas with regard to Western civilization. This essay does not enter into debate or description of contemporary Marxist or neo-Marxists approaches. Also, included in the discussion is conflict theory within which Marx’s ideas are formulated. Five of Marx’s major contributions to sociology and economics are described to inform the essay. These entail alienation, economic life and other social institutions, social classes, conflict as a theory of social change and capitalism. The general concepts of Marx’s theories are analyzed in relation to community development, its definition and the notion of social justice. Community Development – definition and theory Bell and Newby (cited in Popple Quinney 2002) found 98 definitions of the term community alone by 1971. There have been many well-documented sociological debates over the concept of community as well (Popple and Quinney 2002). For the purpose of this essay it is important to present a working definition of community development that is ‘both distinctive and universal and can be applied to all types of societies from the post-industrial to the pre-industrial’ (Hustedde Ganowics 2002) as the topic is both historical and contemporary. I agree with Hustedde and Ganowics (2002) in that the definition of community development given by Bhattacharyya is one that encompasses such criteria. Bhattacharrya’s (2004) simple definition is the process of promoting solidarity and agency. Solidarity is understood as ‘shared identity and norms’ (Bhattacharyya 2004, p. 12). Agency is defined as the ‘capacity to create, reproduce, change, and live according to’ one’s own ‘meaning system, to have the powers to define themselves as opposed to being defined by others (de Certeau cited in Bhattacharyya 2004, p. 2). Community development to date has not been linked to or developed into one descriptive and or cohesive theory since it draws on a variety of disciplines such as sociology, psychology, economics and political science (Kenny 1996; Tesoriero 2010). In examining various theories it can help us to understand people’s behaviour, develop a framework in order to better comprehend events and develop tools and methods for more efficient practice. The United Nations has targeted various ways in which disadvantaged individuals may be able to participate in the self-promotion of social justice such as organizational, informational, developmental, constitutional, legal and political (Craig 2002). However, Craig and Mayo (cited in Craig 2002) state ‘my own additional emphasis would be on the role of community development as the means by which the excluded and the marginalized can act on their own behalves in this search’ (Craig 2002, p. 671). Marxism, which has its roots in conflict theory, (Giddens 1993a; Ritzner Goldman 2004) is linked to the basic issues of social justice. During the mid nineteenth century, Marx saw the issues of social conflict between two fundamental classes, the working class proletariat and the capitalists of which the latter had power over the other translating into oppression and exploitation (Abercrombie, Hill Turner 2000; Van Krieken et al. 2000). It is from the standpoint of conflict theory that Marxists and neo-Marxists have examined the position of power in the capitalist system, which rests in the minority hands of those with economic control (Van Krieken et al. 2000). Craig (cited in Craig 2002, p. 70) said of the present day market that it is ‘the fundamental cause of much injustice, both social and economic’. Marx’s concept of conflict has influenced today’s community development practice offering theories on which to analyze and study social injustices Today, the same issues of oppression and inequality though different in historical context are the major challenges for community development in that it strives to manage and transform the conflictive issues of social relations, power struggles and oppressive elements within a society (Kenny 1996). These issues are antithetical to the goals and aims of community development and it is by studying and applying Marx’s theories to situations in the world and the community that change and social justice can hopefully be attained. Marx and capitalism Marx contributed five major concepts to sociology: alienation, economic life and other social institutions, social classes, conflict as a theory of social change and capitalism (Abercrombie, Turner Hill (2000). All of these concepts are pertinent to community development as they involve members’ participation, which are evident in work, society, class, social change and capitalist society. These concepts are also embedded in the community structure in one manner or another. Marx’s early writings represent his philosophy on what it is to be human and fulfilled (Kenny 1996 p. 82). He believed that people fulfill themselves or become fully human in the way that they are productive in the material world (Kenny 1996). Marx saw labour as ‘man’s self-confirming essence’ and the ‘primary most vital human activity’ (Swingewood 2002, p. 31). However, with the inception of capitalism Marx believed that man’s labour had been transformed into an alienated object outside of himself resulting in dehumanization or alienation (Swingewood 2000). Marx also acknowledged that alienation could exist on a personal level with respect to individuals’ feelings in addition to the alienation brought about by social and economic systems of capitalism (Abercrombie, Hill Turner 2000). It is the latter to which Marx is most often referred. Alienation can be seen as counter productive in relation to the concept of agency, an essential element in community development. Marx is most frequently alluded to as an economic determinist since he identified the central features of social activity to be the results of economic structures (Abercrombie, Turner Hill 2000; Ritzer Goldman 2004). In Marx’s perspective the capitalists of the dominant wealthy upper class were able to become more cohesive in their ties and communications than the subordinate working class (Ritzer Goldman 2004).